The 100 Most Influential

- Michael H Hart

A ranking of history’s most influential lives — measured by impact, not virtue.

Michael Hart’s The 100 is an ambitious attempt to rank the most influential individuals in human history. First published in 1978 and revised in 1992, the book reflects Hart’s belief that influence should be measured by the lasting impact a person has on the world, regardless of moral judgement.

Hart, an astrophysicist, places the Prophet Muhammad at number one, arguing he was “supremely successful” in both religious and secular leadership, shaping Islam’s development more decisively. He also claims Jesus’ influence on Christianity was surpassed by St. Paul’s role in shaping the faith’s spread.

The book includes scientists, political leaders, philosophers, and religious figures, with rankings adjusted in the 1992 edition — including the demotion of Communist leaders like Lenin and Mao and the addition of Mikhail Gorbachev. Hart also makes unconventional choices, such as replacing Shakespeare with Edward de Vere and revising entries for scientific figures like Rutherford.

Despite criticism, The 100 has sold tens of thousands of copies and been translated into multiple languages, remaining a widely discussed work on historical influence and the nature of human legacy.

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